Mauveine

&#;PERKIN, Sir WILLIAM HENRY (–), chemist, born on 12 March at King David's Lane, Shadwell, was youngest of three sons of George Fowler Perkin (), a builder and contractor, by his wife Sarah Cuthbert. With his two brothers and three sisters he inherited a pronounced musical talent from his father.

William Henry, after early education at a private school, was sent in to the City of London school, where his native aptitude for chemical study was effectively encouraged by his master, Thomas Hall. In he entered the Royal College of Chemistry as a student under Hofmann. By the end of his second year he had, under Hofmann's guidance, carried out his first piece of research, a study of the action of cyanogen chloride on naphthylamine, the results of which he announced in a paper read before the Chemical Society.

In he was appointed an honorary assistant to his professor.

In he fitted up a laboratory in &#;his own home, where he prosecuted independent research.

Biography of william henry perkin While trying to oxidise aniline using potassium dichromate, Perkin made a black precipitate. Hidden categories: Subpages Pages with contributor Pages with noyear. He produced three chemical works in collaboration with Frederic Kipping and also did much to stimulate the growth of chemistry at Oxford by campaigning for the new laboratories that were opened there in In he was appointed an honorary assistant to his professor.

Here, in conjunction with Mr. (now Sir) A. H. Church, he soon discovered the fii-st representative of the group of azo-dyes, namely, 'azodinaphthyldiamine' or, in modern nomenclature, 'aminoazonaphthalene.' This substance was patented at a later date (Eng. Pat. of ) and had a limited use as a dyestuff. During the Easter vacation of , with the idea of synthesising quinine, Perkin tried, with a negative result, the experiment of oxidising a salt of allyltoluidine with potassium dichromate.

On repeating the experiment with aniline, however, he obtained a dark-coloured precipitate which proved to be a colouring matter possessed of dyeing properties, and was the first aniline dye to be discovered.

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Encouraged by the favourable report made on his new product by practical dyers and especially by Messrs. Pullar of Perth, Perkin resigned his position at the Royal College of Chemistry and entered on the career of an industrial chemist. Assisted by his father and his elder brother, Thomas D. Perkin, he opened a chemical factory at Greenford Green.

The new dye was patented (Eng. Pat. of ), and at the end of it was first manufactured at Perkin's works under the name of 'Aniline Purple' or 'Tyrian Purple.' The name 'Mauve,' by which it was afterwards generally known, was at once given to it in France. Perkin straightway devoted himself to developing processes of manufacturing his raw material (aniline) and to improvements in the methods of silk dyeing, as well as of suitable mordants for enabling the dye-stuff to be applied to the cotton fibre.

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To Perkin's discovery of the first of the aniline dyes was ultimately due the supersession of vegetable by chemical dye-stuffs. In recognition of his invention the 'Société Industrielle de Mulhouse' awarded him, in , a. silver medal, and afterwards a gold one.

In the German chemists Graebe and Liebermann showed that 'alizarin,' the 'Turkey red' dyestuff or colouring matter of the madder-root, was a derivative of the coal-tar product anthracene and not of naphthalene, as had hitherto been believed.

William henry perkin reading He was secretary and president of the Chemistry Society. Page Source Discussion. At the age of 14 he began to attend the City of London School. Publications Pages Publications Pages.

They then patented in Germany and in Great Britain a process for the manufacture of 'alizarin' which was too costly to hold out much hope of successful competition with the madder plant, requiring, as it did, the use of bromine. With the object of cheapening this process, Perkin in introduced two new methods for the manufacture of artificial alizarin, one starting from dichloroanthracene and the other, which is still in use, from the sulphonic acid of anthraquinone.

This branch of the coal-tar industry developed rapidly, and, in spite of some competing effort of German manufacturers, the English market was almost entirely held by Perkin until the end of Perkin delivered before the Society of Arts in two lectures, which were published under the title 'The history of alizarin and allied colouring matters, and their production from coal-tar.' Meanwhile, in , when the increasing demand for artificial alizarin rendered imperative an enlarged plant at Perkin's Greenford Green works, he transferred the concern to the finn of Brooke, Simpson & Spiller, and, retiring after eighteen years from the industry, thenceforth devoted himself to pure chemical research.

Concurrently with his industrial work Perkin had maintained a strong interest in pure chemistry, and had already published many important papers in the 'Transactions of the Chemical Society,' where his contributions finally numbered ninety. In , in conjunction with Duppa, he discovered that aminoacetic acid could be obtained by heating bromoacetic acid with ammonia, and in he published a dascription of his method of synthesising unsaturated organic acids, known as the 'Perkin synthesis.' Next year the synthesis of coumarin, the odorous substance contained in Tonka bean, etc., was announced, and the continuation of this work, after his retirement from the industry, led to his celebrated discovery of the synthesis of cinnamic acid from benzaldehyde.

William henry perkin biography definition He patented the dye on the 26 August He had three sons and four daughters. The College later became the Royal College of Science and, in , it was one of the founding bodies of Imperial College. He then left the Royal College of Chemistry to set up his own factory, manufacturing aniline dyes on a large scale.

Scientific papers on the chemistry of 'Aniline Purple' or 'mauve' were also pubhshed in the 'Proceedings of the Royal Society' in and and in the 'Transactions of the Chemical Society' in In he first drew attention to the magnetic rotatory power of some of the compounds which he had prepared in his researches, and mainly to the study of this property as applied to the investigation of the constitution or structure of chemical molecules he devoted the rest of his life.

Perkin's services were widely recognised. Having joined the Chemical Society in , he held the office of president from to , and received the society's Longstaff medal in He was elected F.R.S. in and received from the Royal Society a royal medal in , and the Davy medal in He was president of the Society of Chemical Industry in , receiving the gold medal of &#;the society in , and at his death was president of the Society of Dyers and Colourists.

William henry perkin ielts Many other companies were founded, encouraged by Perkin's success; they adopted his new methods of chemical synthesis on a large scale. He quickly made progress and was allowed to assist Hall in setting up experiments for lectures. The new dye was patented Eng. The second son, Arthur George Perkin, began his career working for Hardman and Holden, an alizarin factory in Manchester.

The Society of Arts conferred on him the Albert medal in , and the Institution of Gas Engineers the Birmingham medal in He also received honorary doctorates from the universities of Würzburg (), St. Andrews (), and Manchester ().

In July the jubilee was celebrated universally of Perkin's discovery of 'mauve,' the first aniline dye, which had created the important coal-tar dyeing industry and had revolutionised industrial processes in varied directions.

Perkin was knighted and received honorary degrees of doctor from the universities of Oxford, Leeds, Heidelberg, Columbia (New York), Johns Hopkins (Baltimore), and Munich Technical High School. He was presented with the Hofmann medal by the German Chemical Society and the Lavoisier medal by the French Chemical Society.

A sum of l., subscribed by chemists from all countries, was handed to the Chemical Society as the 'Perkin Memorial Fund,' to be applied to the encouragement of research in subjects relating to the coal-tar and allied industries. The 'Perkin medal' for distinguished services to chemical industry was instituted by the Society of Dyers and Colourists, and the American memorial committee founded a Perkin medal for American chemists.

Perkin died at Sudbury on 14 July , and was buried at Christ Church graveyard, Harrow. He was twice married: (1) on 13 Sept. to Jemima Harriett, daughter of John Lisset; she died on 27 Nov. ; (2) on 8 Feb. to Alexandrine Caroline, daughter of Ivan Herman Mollwo; she survived him. He had three sons and four daughters.

His eldest son, William Henry Perkin, Ph.D.

William perkin was born in london in 1838

William perkin mauve

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Perkin meaning

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(Würzburg), Hon. ScD. (Cantab.), Hon. LL.D. (Edin.), F.R.S., professor of organic chemistry at Manchester University; the second son, Arthur George Perkin, F.R.S.; and the youngest son, Frederick Mollwo Perkin, Ph.D., have all distinguished themselves in the same department of science as their father.

Perkin's portrait in his robe as LL.D.

of the university of St. Andrews, painted by Henry Grant in , is on the wall at the Leathersellers' Hall in St. Helen's Place, of which company he was master in ; another portrait by Arthur Stockdale Cope, R.A., presented to him on the jubilee celebration of , is destined for the National Portrait Gallery. There is also an engraved portrait by Arthur J.

Williams in the British Museum of Portraits, South Kensington collection, and a marble bust by F. W. Pomeroy, A.R.A., is in the rooms of the Chemical Society at Burlington House.